ACL Conference Awards Policy

This document lays out a standard protocol for awards at ACL conferences (Note that for conferences colocated with a non-ACL event there may need to be some adjustments depending on the policies of the other event. Also, this process was not developed for workshops or journals.). The goal of introducing the policy is to have a consistent approach that suits the scale of our conferences today. The policy is designed to highlight work that is interesting along a variety of axes in ways that encourage discussion. Recognizing valuable work in a consistent way also means the value is clearer (e.g., for hiring and tenure cases).

Award Types and Criteria

Best Paper Award

We define "Best" as work that is particularly fascinating, controversial, surprising, impressive, and/or potentially field-changing.

• "Best Paper Award" & "Best Non-publicized Paper Award": No more than 0.25% of accepted papers, counting all accepted main conference and findings papers, receive the "Best Paper Award". For smaller conferences with less than 2,000 accepted papers, the maximum number of "Best Paper Award" slots should be kept at 6. Additional "Best Non-publicized Paper Award" winners are selected from the submissions that remained anonymous to the public during the whole process. See #Additional Award Slots for Unpublicized Work for more details, including the award slots. These papers are presented in a plenary session at the conference. PCs should consider scheduling this plenary session early in the conference, to encourage discussion of the papers during the conference.
• "Outstanding Paper Award" & "Outstanding Non-publicized Paper Award": 1.5–2.5% of accepted papers (counting all accepted main conference and findings papers), selected as part of the same process for the "Outstanding Paper Award". This allows for broader recognition of work that meets the criteria. Additional "Outstanding Non-publicized Paper Award" winners are selected from the submissions that remained anonymous to the public during the whole process. See #Additional Award Slots for Unpublicized Work for more details.
• "Area Chair's Award": Up to one paper per track. These are selected by the SACs for each track.
• Short and long papers are considered together for these awards.

Test of Time Award

See the policy at Test-of-Time Papers Award.

Special Categories

Two special awards will recognise work with a particular focus as described below. Papers that receive an award in a special category are also eligible to receive a general award.

• Social Impact Award - For papers that have the potential for significant positive societal impact.
• Resource Award - For papers that announce, describe, and share a fascinating, valuable, or potentially field-changing new resource (e.g., a dataset or knowledge graph).

Program Committee Chairs may also choose to include awards for other categories. Examples of additional special categories include:

• Software Award - For papers that describe and share (ideally via source code) a fascinating, valuable, or potentially field-changing new piece of software. Note that this is not the same as the Demonstration Paper Award since there could be papers outside of that track that meet this criterion.
• Demonstration Paper Award - For papers in the Demonstration Track.
• Theme Paper Award - For papers on the conference’s theme.
• Linguistic Insight Award - For papers that make a particularly significant contribution to our understanding of language.
• Low-Resource Paper Award - For papers that contribute to work on languages or domains with limited data.
• Interdisciplinary Research Award - For papers that contribute to NLP and another field in new and interesting ways.
• Reproduction Award - For papers that reproduce prior work in a particularly enlightening way, revealing additional features of the prior work.

Additional Award Slots for Unpublicized Work

In January 2024, the ACL Executive Committee voted to adopt recommendations including the following:

• Add new best and outstanding paper awards for submissions that remained anonymous to the public during the whole process, to ameliorate the "publicity deficit" for such submissions. (The precise eligibility criteria for these awards would be at the discretion of the awards committee. Of course, such submissions would remain eligible also for all other awards.)
• Non-publicized submissions are eligible for both "Best/Outstanding Paper Award" and "Best/Outstanding Non-publicized Paper Award". There will be one award per paper, and if a paper happens to win both publicized and non-publicized awards, it will remain with the general (non-publicized) award, and an additional non-publicized paper will be sought for the non-publicized award slot.
• All papers are eligible for the regular awards, and only non-publicized papers are eligible for the non-publicized awards. The numbers of non-publicized award slots are calculated based on the number of accepted papers that remained anonymous (e.g., 1.5-2.5% of accepted papers that remained anonymous will receive Outstanding Non-publicized Paper awards). The method of identifying the total number of papers that remained anonymous will be determined by the PCs.

Selection Process

Nominations

In the review process, reviewers (Note: PCs may choose whether or not to include reviewers in the nomination process.), AEs, ACs, and SACs will be asked to answer the following questions:

• 1. "Could the camera-ready version of this paper merit consideration for an "outstanding paper" award (up to 2.5% of accepted papers will be recognized in this way)? Outstanding papers should be either fascinating, controversial, surprising, impressive, or potentially field-changing. Awards will be decided based on the camera-ready version of the paper."
  • "Yes"
  • "Maybe"
  • "No"
• 2. "If yes/maybe, please briefly describe why:"
  • (short answer box with no word or character limit)

The best paper committee should consider any paper that was marked "Yes" or "Maybe" by any reviewer (Note: PCs may choose whether or not consider papers that were labeled 'maybe' by a reviewer and not nominated by the AE/AC.), AE, AC, or SAC (Note: This requirement is included to clarify how this policy interacts with ACL Rolling Review.).

SACs may also choose a paper in their area to receive the "Area Chair's Award". This will encourage diversity in the papers that are highlighted. SACs may not give this award to a paper that one of the SACs in the track has a conflict-of-interest (COI) on, but any other paper in their track can be chosen. Papers that SACs have COIs on can be nominated for other awards. If a conference has a COI track, that track does not select an Area Chair's award. The process for SACs to choose the award is up to the SACs (e.g., whether and how to involve ACs). The Best Paper Committee will not be told which papers have received this award, to avoid biasing their choices.

Papers are not eligible for awards if their authors include Program Chairs. The PCs may also choose to specify that authors in other senior organisational roles are not eligible for awards.

Special category awards can either be handled in the same way, by editing the question above to include them, or through a separate process defined by the PCs.

The eligibility for non-publicized paper awards should be confirmed before notification, i.e., in-between the final acceptance decision by PCs and notification. The best paper committee chairs or program chairs search for paper titles and authors of the candidates at preprint servers, popular social media, or on the web in general.

Selection

(Note, this process was developed based on the assumption that the nomination process leads to 80-100 papers being considered for awards. If the number of nominated papers turns out to be much higher or lower then the selection process should be adapted as necessary.)

Program chairs should select and appoint a Best Paper Committee Chair(s) early in the process (it is recommended well before the submission deadline), who will manage the entire process. A best paper committee will be selected by the program chairs together with the Best Paper Committee Chair(s). The committee size should be large enough to keep the load to around 10-15 papers per member. The committee should be diverse in composition in terms of research areas and demographics. It is best to form the committee before the review process commences, otherwise it may be hard to recruit members.

The committee will follow a multistage process to determine the final awards. First, the program chairs and committee chair(s) collect anonymized final camera-ready versions of the candidates. If the papers are not anonymized then the committee chair is encouraged to manually redact author information on the first page of the paper. The committee will receive the (anonymized) camera-ready version of the paper, anonymized reviews, and associated supplementary materials. If the papers are not anonymized then the committee chair is encouraged to redact author information on the first page of the paper. Also, the chair should encourage the committee to not look for revealing author information elsewhere (e.g. acceptance list on the conference page).

1. Papers are divided between the committee members based on research areas for a first pass in which each paper is read by at least 2 committee members. They independently place the papers into three groups: (1) consider for best paper, (2) consider for outstanding paper, (3) do not consider further.
2. All committee members read the papers that both readers placed under consideration for 'best paper'.
3. The committee meets to make the final selections.

This proposal does not define a specific rubric. However, while reading and discussing papers, committee members should consider:

• Is each paper either fascinating, controversial, surprising, impressive, or potentially field-changing? Note that papers do not need to demonstrate all of these properties; any property is sufficient.
• Does the paper present as its motivating use case an application with significant negative social impact? Even if the motivating use case is an application with neutral or positive social impact, are there obvious applications with significant negative social impact which are left unaddressed or insufficiently addressed by the paper? (In such cases, the paper should *not* be an award candidate.)
• Is the work presented in the paper reproducible? For example, is there sufficient information in the paper to repeat the experiments? If not, is the lack of reproducibility justified in the paper?
• Do the awards highlight a broad range of research types and strengths?
• Do the awards include types of research that can be conducted at small labs?
• Do the awards include papers that show excellence in potential positive social impact?

Special awards may be selected by the best paper committee or by separate committees. All award decisions may be overruled by the PCs.

Announcement, Certificates, and Financial Awards

Announcement: All awardees will be announced on the conference website or blog before the conference. Titles and authors do not need to be announced during a plenary session.

Certificates: All awardees will receive a certificate with the name of the conference, name of the award, title of the paper, and author names, signed by the Program Chair(s) and/or General Chair(s).

Financial Awards: Conferences may choose to have a financial component for any of the awards, which may be sponsored, and may be split between the authors as the authors choose.

Documentation

The ACL Anthology will have an indication of which papers received awards (as it does now). Eventually, a page will be created that lists all papers that have received awards.

The ACL will track the research area and author demographics (gender and country of affiliation) of papers that are (a) nominated, and (b) receive awards. This information will be used to inform efforts to avoid bias and inequality in the selection process. Care should be taken to track them appropriately to avoid harm (e.g., by incorrectly assuming a demographic attribute). The ACL Equity Director will be responsible for maintaining these records.

Notes on the development of this proposal

Committee that developed this policy:

• Bonnie Webber
• Christy Doran
• Huang Xuanjing
• Joel Tetreault
• Jonathan Kummerfeld [chair]
• Yusuke Miyao [chair]

Edits were made by Jonathan Kummerfeld based on discussion with the ACL Executive. Feedback was solicited from the community and informed further improvements.

Anonymity

We discussed requiring authors to be anonymous to avoid potential a source of bias, but realised it was (1) not easy to do with camera-ready versions of papers, and (2) would be difficult to maintain while also handling conflict-of-interests on the best paper committee (COIs will be more likely than in the past because more papers are being considered). Given those concerns, we have made it optional.

Choice of terms

The committee had mixed opinions on the term 'best'. On one hand, it is common/standard and expected, on the other hand, it implies a metric with a clear ranking of papers, which we do not have. After discussing a range of alternatives we returned to 'best' because it is such a well established term. Several options for the second category were discussed, including 'noteworthy', 'honourable mention', and 'outstanding'. The final proposal uses 'outstanding' as it is a recognisable term.

Choice of numbers

• "Typically no more than 6" best papers. This value was chosen based on what we thought could be included in a single plenary session. However, the language is intentionally flexible.
• "1.5–2.5% of accepted papers" receive the outstanding paper award. This range was chosen to balance prestige (which favors a lower number) and the goal to recognize more work (which favors a higher number).
• For context, the graph below shows historical trends in awards at ACL going back to the very first year a best paper award was announced (note, these values include all award types together in the count for each year):

Several ideas came up that are worth considering in the future:

• Dissertation Awards. These exist in other communities (e.g. AAAI) and are intended to recognise a body of work. We did not include them as they are outside of the conference awards process. They would need a separate process that could, for example, be conducted by each organisation / society separately. We also discussed awards for thesis proposals, which would be suitable for the Student Research Workshop.
• Journal Paper Awards. Other communities have these (e.g. ISCA for papers in CSL). We discussed including them here by saying CL and TACL papers presented at a conference are eligible for awards, but then the awards committee needs to compare quite different papers (e.g. a 30+ page journal article and a 4 page short conference paper). The approach used elsewhere is that each journal chooses a 'best paper', but that is then outside the scope of this proposal regarding conferences.
• Requirements for papers to be well-presented. We discussed the idea that papers that receive awards should be examples of well-presented ideas that students can look to for understanding how to write a good paper. On the other hand, it would seem unfair to not reward an innovative idea just because the author is inexperienced and did not present it perfectly. We tried to come up with language to balance these factors, but decided there was no simple solution, so this requirement was dropped.
• Advice/guidance for reviewers on when to select a paper for an award. This is a good idea that is outside the scope of this policy.